Hazar Taha Turan
Russia in Central Asia
The end of the cold war, the world had changed the whole balance of 1991, military tensions in the eastern block countries and the western alliance ended. All the world's political and military tension and fear of the use of nuclear weapons has decreased. Have been caused by the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Soviet Union appeared in 15 different states. 6 of 15 in this state, Russia, Central Asia in the east of the dissolution of the Soviet Union emerged as the new political space and the name of the new political objectives in the area applied. Russia is also an important part of these goals and policies. Russia's policy in Central Asia can split up two part which are the post-1990 and post-2000.
Firstly, The disintegration of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s in Russia had created a huge shock. This is an unexpected independence of successive disintegration of the Soviet system and the redefinition of the priorities of foreign policy should be revised and demonstrated. Poltikalarını wanting to leave Russia before the global impact of the Cold War reduced the cold shower, and maximize the impact of this policy by editing the name of a new policy, environmental policy would close. Recently developed by Russia's environmental policy, the unilateral use of nuclear power is in the use of military force is based on the power. Is already close to the environmental policy is based on the use of military force if necessary mainly a political backdrop. The first environmental policy in the region close to the Russian Federation, Central Asia make up the domain. States in the field of political influence in Central Asia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Winner of the independence of these states gained independence in 1991, the Soviet Union left the United States, especially from the day you became interested in the various centers of power. In an effort to increase the effectiveness of Russia since 1993 and have been involved in this area, the newly established states in the region engaged in efforts to develop bilateral relations. To increase the effectiveness of Russia's relations with Central Asia, Kazakhstan has become the first country in trying to develop. Central Asia's vast borders with Kazakhstan, which sees itself as a strategic partner with each other in Moscow. Russia and the Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, which is also the country with the widest limits, within the Russian population is a serious host factors that facilitate bilateral relations with Russia. Kazakhstan in Central Asia, which Russia sees itself as a reliable partner. Kazakhstan and Russia are the countries with the longest land border between the two states. This limit is 7200 km. Of the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan's border with Russia is only in this sense, is the gateway to Central Asia, Russia, Kazakhstan. A large number of agreements were signed between the two countries. The most important of these agreements was signed 25 May 1992, "Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Aid Agreement" is. This agreement to create a common security policy, to establish a common economic area, covers issues such as the free movement of goods and people. However, with the agreement signed in 1993 in Kazakhstan, Russia's nuclear weapons in the territory transferred. In the second half of the 1990s, rapid changes in Russia's domestic situation led to the birth of a second phase of Russian foreign policy. According to the 'Primakov doctrine', part of Russia's attempt to regain its international status ınvolved recovering its role as a center of influence over the post-Sovietspace. The formulation of this strategy, however, Remained ambiguous, since official discourse Continued to appeal for the creation of a Euro-Atlantic alliance that included Russia.[1]
Putin era post-2000’s
The second phase of Russian foreign policy is linked to Vladimir Putin's coming to power. As soon as he took up office, Russia's new strongman went to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, followed in May 2000 by one to another visit to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. On 28 June 2000, Putin formulated a new foreign policy for the Federation, which recognized its limited capacities and the Certain need to make a number of geopolitical concessions. It gave priority to Russian Investments in the CIS States and to Developing active diplomatic relations with strategic partners such as India, Iran and China. Putin's Russia called for the CIS Collective Security Treaty to be strengthened in order to deal with Islamist threats in the Caucasus and Central Asia and it declared its desire to regain control of the region's energy resources, particularly those in the Caspian Sea. Relations with the two Central Asian states most resistant to Russian influence, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, slowly improved, and Putin's visit to the capitals of both countries in 2000 was hailed as a diplomatic success. The other three states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), whose policies were more balanced between the West and Russia, positively welcomed the signs of The revival emanating from the events of 11 September Kremlin.8 Then sharply in 2001 had the effect of reinforcing Moscow's desire to step up its Involvement in Central Asia. [2]Putin, the Russian foreign policy more rational and utilitarian structure clad in little more than in the past. In the second superpower Russia became aware of whether, in the process of making foreign policy issues should be fully understood that refuses to tackle this global steps. Be the first diplomatic ties between Moscow and the former Soviet republics, and are now holding more tightly to their independent state based on the fact that the plot had begun to develop a rational foreign policy mindset. The Russian foreign policy in the 2000s, along with the determination of a more rational and pragmatic level to protect the interests of Moscow in Central Asia and the Caspian region states have developed new reflexes entered into intensive diplomatic contacts. The importance of the seat of the presidency of Putin and Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan do with the passing of the first foreign visits, President of Kazakhstan in order to avoid approaching the West Nazabayev'in close diplomatic relations with the Russian-Kazakh and Russian Defense Minister Sergei taken markaja In June 2003, Kazakhstan signed a draft program of security cooperation Ivanov Cossacks "new allies" show that. Russia's regional energy policies determined by taking into account the fact that the strategic planning related to the internal and external policies followed in this order, re-gained primarily in the domestic political authority, then the economic prosperity and stability will be ensured within the framework of energy policy in order to be the boss of Russia's regional and global energy be established in close cooperation with the countries of central Asia energy resources, energy resources, thanks to the cooperation with the West assumed a key role in the delivery of its way to becoming a global power in Russia will reach their goals. Russia, Central Asia today, the key point in the transportation of oil and natural gas to Western markets. Russian foreign policy after 2004 on the determination of the energy trump card and hand it to the boss of Russia's energy use as an enforcement tool has been announced by Putin. In December 2005, Russia and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, chaired the meetings of the G8 summit was the title of the most important agenda of energy and Russia's energy policy were discussed. Here the issue to the fore not only in Russia, Central Asia, energy policies that will shape the global and regional yansımalarıdır.45 Moscow's energy policy has strategic goals. This is a strategic document setting out the objectives of the thesis in 1997, which is still Putin "Russian Energy Strategy to 2020" is. Putin, the Russian foreign politics in 2003, adapted to the document by the main idea of the document and ensure economic development of Russian energy resources in the country to participate only in Russia but also specify the location on a global scale.
İn conculusion, The collapse of the Soviet Union at a time of global economic crisis and the corruption in the process of harmonization brought about by the severe economic crisis in full privatization depicts the situation of the Russian Federation. However, despite these limitations, the Russian government in the 1990s, the countries of the former Soviet Union that still continue to see itself as the natural span is clear. Within the framework of Neighbourhood classic military approaches or sanctions against neighboring countries may be found in the 1990s. Characterization as a super power in Moscow during this time, still ensuring regional stability and global level to take steps before the end of his nose was lead to poor, Moscow, Russia with the issue of Chechen hot conflict that erupted in itself experienced.
Putin to be president of the new millennium, the economic crisis in Russia in Moscow due to the emergence and effective energy policies, internal conflicts, political crises, crises and becoming a super power surpassing 1990's full of corruption has taken important. Strengthening central authority Putin served as president of the state for two terms between 1999-2008. Time he took office following a more rational and pragmatic foreign policy, Russia's Putin to become a regional power primarily provide internal stability after providing foreign policy on energy, especially after 2003, determining the best way to become a global power began to use the trump card. Dmitry Medvedev as Putin left after 2008. Putin and Medvedev after taking over the presidency of energy, will follow the same policy on foreign policy issues, he said. Apparently the West's energy resources and the need for Gazprom, Transneft, the Russian Federation such as the protection of the position of the companies in the sector captured the output of the 2000s and in the future will continue to maintain the momentum nowadays.
Source
1. ABD, Rusya ve Çin’in Nüfuz Mücadelesinde Orta Asya: Araçlar ve Süreçler Ainur Nogayeva
2. Russia in Central Asia: Old History,New Challenges?
EUCAM Working Paper No. 3 Marlène Laruelle
3. Buszynski Leszek, “Russia’s New Role in Central Asia”, Asian Survey,
4. Orta Asya’da Küresel Güç olarak Rusya’nın Yeniden Yükselişi Evren BARUT
5. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/russia/events/doc/2003_strategy_2020_en.pdf
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