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Westphalian
State System is a system which rising from the Treaties of Westphalia (1648).
After the ended of the Thirty Years War, Westphalian State System was existed.
In there, I want to stress under the line of “conduct of Westphalian State
System”. Westphalian State System is generally held to refer international
society or a system of states comprising sovereign state entities possessing
the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories. By means of
a diplomacy, relations between states are conducted, and international law
consists of treaties made by those sovereign entities. In addition to that, as
we know, Westphalian State System organized around the territorial units whose
governing authorities claim sovereign rights. Initially, the first character of
Westphalian State System is “organized around the territorial units.” Secondly,
the other important characteristics of the Westphalian State System is
“state-centric”. It effects the core of state’s systems and relations. Because
of the Eurocentricism, Westphalian State System effected mostly on Europe. So,
Westphalian System originated in Europe. We can say the other characteristic is
“Eurocentricism”. On the other hand, the idea and issue of Christianity
effected the Westphalian System. States effected from a religious movements in
these years and Christianity can shaped the ideas of Europe. In addition, the
politics is important as well as religious. Because, religious and political
issues can not be separated from themselves in Westphalian State System thanks
to sects. I think, the other important characteristic of Westphalia System is
“cruelty”. By means of Westphalia System, the powerful states (the great
powers) use own hegemonies on the minor states. Westphalia System accommodated
the realities of radical inequality among states in size, wealth, power, and
international role. In contrast, a traditional Westphalian search for balance,
deterrence, countervailing power, and at most, military superiority, to a more
controlling effort to establish and maintain dominance in the face of a revolutionary
preoccupation with the menace of non state political actors. In spite of this
feature, Western States exploited the minor states by means of Westphalia State
System. But, it’s contrast to Westphalia State System. According to it, states
do not interfere the other’s internal affairs, so the idea of
“nation-state” is the other characteristic of Westphalia State System. In spite
of that, the Great Powers still interfere the others. So, the name of this characteristic is “extraterritoriality”.
In addition, “raison d’etat” is the other characteristic. States are always
seek own interest in the international area, according to the Westphalia State
System. As we said, for Westphalia State System, national security and human
security is a major and inevitable objects. So, the other characteristic is
“security of states and human(people)”.
All of these
objects which I said is the characteristics of Westphalian State System. It is
a long topic but fundamentally all of these things are the characteristics of
Westphalian State System.
First of all, I
want to talking about George Modelski’s Long-Cycle Theory. Modelski’s Long-Cycle
Theory describes the connection between war cycles, economic supremacy, and the
political aspects of world leadership.
Long cycles, or
long waves, offer interesting perspectives on global politics by permitting
"the careful exploration of the ways in which world wars have recurred,
and lead states such as Britain and the United States have succeeded each other
in an orderly manner." Not to be confused with Simon Kuznets' idea of
long-cycles, or long-swings, long cycles of global politics are patterns of
past world politics. In addition to that, according to this theory, “5”
hegemonic power have taken place. Its depends on “the Great States” as we said
in the exploration of characteristics of Westphalia State System. So, I think,
George Modelski’s Long-Cycle Theory and Westphalian State System have a ties
and links between themselves. In these years, we can see both Long-Cycle and
Westphalia System. United States, United Kingdom, Russia and China is a very
suitable illustrates for both of these ideas. “Hegemony” depends on “the
power”, and the power manipulate all over the world.
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