Thomas Woodrow Wilson Report

Refik BARAN

Thomas Woodrow Wilson ( December 28, 1856 February 3, 1924 ) which contains mainly Scottish Staunton, Virginia was born. Woodrow Wilson , his father was a Presbyterian minister and his mother was the daughter of a minister for the Presbyterian , grew up in a religious and academic house .

 The origins dating back to Scotland and Ireland are members of a family . He was born as the son of a pastor , and most of his father remained in effect. From a young age was the church -goers . Childhood , has coincided with the years of the civil war prevails . These origins dating back to Scotland and Ireland are members of a family . He was born as the son of a pastor , and most of his father remained in effect. From a young age was the church -goers . Childhood , has coincided with the years of the civil war prevails. So life was not a regular training . In 1873, the school began , due to the deterioration of health left. Princeton entered the university . This has left a trail of important school life . From both the north and south America where students are strengthened sense of national unity that was in college . He graduated in 1879 . During student club joined the liberal ideas and activities found in some publications . Wilson, 28, of the United States is president . Like himself who want to be trained as a priest has not complied with his father's wishes . It is known as a Christian zealot . Risale- i Nur , and connected to religious and zealot while giving examples of state and head of government are mentioned in his name . Wilson is seen as the father of public management. The term of office March 4, 1913 - March 4 , 1921. Vice-President Thomas Marshall . Just like Wilson , his party is a democratic party . His religion is Presbyterianism.

27 William Howard Taft

In 1901 the United States as a result of his battle with Spain conquered the Philippines, where he was appointed as governor. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt, Taft was appointed to the government as Minister of War. Republican Party nominee for President in the 1908 election was. Winning the elections was elected President. William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 - March 8, 1930) 27 of the United States Chairman of the U.S. Supreme Court (Supreme Court) 10 Is President. For life in U.S. history at both the executive and judicial organs of the state was the president is the only person.

29 Warren Gamaliel Harding

 (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) 29 of the United States Is President. Between 1921 and 1923, only 2 years and chaired died during the mission.He  is selected from the Republican party.

Presbyterian Church is a Protestant Church.

 To the institutional structure of the church apostolic church can accept the word of a single model Bishops (presbyopic up) and in the presence of a structure consisting of dyakon will continue so that the "old man delegation" in the sense "presbiteryan" management has been adopted. Modern Presbyterian Church, has been affected by the reform and religious autonomy gained. This current, the Swiss U. Started by Zwingli, French J. Is further enhanced by kalvin.

Woodrow Wilson’s Academic Life

For those of you who don’t know me my name is Refik. Today, I will talking about 28^th American President Woodrow Wilson’s academic life and in the seconda part, I will talking about Wilson Principles as we know Fourteen Points. In the beginning of my speech, I want to give some informations about Woodrow Wilson’s academic life. Initially, Wilson began his graduate studies and workings at John Hopkins University in 1883.

After three years later, Woodrow Wilson completed his doctoral dissertation which name was “Congressional Government: A Study in American Politicies” and received a appelation of doctor of philosophy which is in many countries a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities. In addition to that, for his doctorate, Wilson had to learn German in spite of the every obstacles such as German’s particular and endemic pronuncation. During the academic years of 1886-1887, Wilson was visiting lecturer at Cornell University but failed to gain a permanent position. Secondly, Wilson joined the faculty of Bryn Mawr College and at that case Wesleyan University where he also coached the football team and founded the debate team.

In addition, thirdly, Wilson joined the Princeton Faculty as proffesor of jurisprudence and political economy. While there, he was one of the short-lived coordinate college.

By the same token, Wilson became the first lecturer of Constitutional Law at New York Law school. Representing the American Whig Society, Wilson delivered an oration at Princeton’s sesquicentennial celebration entitled “Princeton in the Nation’s Service”. This phrase became the motto of the University. In here, it should be noted, What’s the American Whig Society? American Whig Society is a political, litary and debating society at Princeton University and the oldest debate union in the United States, its likes same brainstorming. In the end, he became a proffessor in Princeton University before became a President.

World War I Era

A possible war in Europe against the agent , in order to protect peace through war emhous found in some initiatives Wilson, on the start of WW1 U.S. declared its neutrality . England and France started the war against Germany in a submarine in the waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland announced that it would hit the ship , which remains the commercial relations with the warring parties drew the U.S. response . Wilson showed a determined attitude against Germany . In 1916 he helped to end submarine warfare . In the same year, "He kept us out of war . " Passwords do with winning the elections again became president. Wilson arabulculuk initiatives starting immediately " a peace without victors " worked towards providing . However, on January 31 in Germany " unlimited submarine warfare" in ads and merchant vessels and some vessels of American citizens is located on the 2nd immersion in April 1917 asked the government to declare war from Congress . Four days later the U.S. with a decision taken by the Entente Powers would be winning the war on the side of girdi.savaş without doubt Wilson, inadequate military preparedness of the United States despite the war has allowed to take place in an effective manner . January 8, 1918 as the basis for a lasting and just peace that qualifies Article Fourteen presented to Congress Program . Recognition of the independence of the colonies , and this program envisions the reduction of arms , Germany and the Entente was considered to be the foundation of peace by .

Wilson Principles

As you know, I splitted up my speech in a two points which were Academic Life and Wilson Principles. In this case, I want to begin the second part of my speech which is Wilson Principles. These principles consists of “14” matter or points. These are:

1.)   Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. / So, its means reliance and belief on open diplomacy rather than secret agreements.

2.)   Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. / So, its refers to freedom of the seas in many areas.

3.)   The removal, of all economic barriers and the establishment of equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. / This points related with free trade among all nations, no difference.

4.)   Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. / So, the main idea is reducing the military forces and weapons.

5.)   A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.  / In here, the thing what is expected readjust the colonies fairly.

6.)   The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy. / In this context, the aim was the allowance for Russia to self-determine its own government.

7.)   Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired. / Respect for Belgium’s Integrity.

8.)   All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all. / In here, all french territory should be freed and the invaded the portions restored. The phrase of Restoration of French Territory is suitable for this context.

9.)   A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.  

10.)  The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

11.) Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into. / So, this points working for the independence for the Balkan States such as Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.

12.) The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees. /  This charter effects especially upon Turkey. To illustrate, creation of a Turkish state, and self-determination for the peoples of the Ottoman Empire and free passage through the Dardanelles is the aim. In addition to that, this point supports the American Mandalism. We can not say this charter was beneficial for Turkey.

13.) An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

14.) A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Conclusion

Woodrow Wilson was a president of United States while World War I. He was the Presbytarian President in United States in these years. He declares the Wilson Principles and by means of that, he gained the Nobel Prize. It should be noted, especially, we can say Woodrow Wilson shows to us American Pragmatism. Wilson’s attempts and movements were suitable for pragmatism.